3D view of the point in the Earth’s mantle below Africa, shown in red, yellow, and orange. Cyan represents the main mantle boundary, blue indicates the surface, and transparent gray indicates the continents. Credit: Mingming Li / ASU
The earth is layered like an onion, with a thin outer crust, a thick and sticky mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core. Within the mantle, there are two massive point-like structures, roughly on either side of the planet. The points, officially called Large Low Speed Provinces (LLSVPs), are each the size of a continent and 100 times higher than Mount Everest. One is located under the African continent, the other under the Pacific Ocean.
Using instruments that measure seismic waves, scientists know that these two bubbles have complex shapes and structures, but despite their remarkable features, little is known about why the bubbles exist or what led to their strange shapes.
ASU scientists Qian Yuan and Mingming Li from the College of Earth and Space Exploration began to learn more about these two points using geodynamic modeling and analyzes of published seismic studies. Through their research, they were able to determine the maximum height that bubbles reach and how the size and density of bubbles, as well as the surrounding viscosity in the mantle, can control their height. His research was recently published in
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